SHELL ETHICAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IMPLICATIONS Coursework

SHELL ETHICAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IMPLICATIONS - Coursework Example cial markets are the way to clarifying the huge flood of remote capital into developing markets just as its fast flight during times of emergency. Straightforwardness in worldwide monetary markets forestalls remote financial specialist eruptions because of hazy market signals, snappier and littler modifications by speculators in reacting to new data, arrangement ahead of time by nearby firms in directing venture streams, and more prominent market productivity. Worldwide speculators likewise request more noteworthy market straightforwardness, trusting that the more prominent progression of data with respect to the activities of governments and firms in developing business sector economies will permit them to more readily deal with their ventures. While hardly any administrations, banks, or private firms differ the imporant requirement for an expanded degree of straightforwardness, straightforwardness despite everything ends up being a tricky objective. These global money related organizations depend on their multilateral orders for observation, monetary information assortment, and information dispersion. What's more, these establishments likewise need to battle with an entire scene of transnational, worldwide, local, and universal people in regards to the planning of monetary data and the scattering of the budgetary data. Straightforwardness in busines is a superb worldwide administration procedure. Straightforwardness needs to normalize the entirety of the administrative procedures through which money related data is set up for the worldwide speculator. The controllers likewise need to analyze the particular methods that administer the dissemination of this information. The budgetary data that enables speculator choice to incorporate FICO scores, security evaluations, and proportions of loan fee and swapping scale hazard. The information is valuable when the procedures through which this data is delivered are normalized across business sectors. The information should likewise profoundly open to the worldwide markets. (Shuster, 2000) Banking can be a colossally gainful undertaking. What's more, the cooperative energies between business banking and speculation banks combine:

Value added Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Worth included - Case Study Example There are different ways that Nike increases the value of its items. One of them is through the improvement of their items utilizing significant level of inventiveness consequently making them one of a kind from their rivals. They put the nature of their items into thought while simultaneously guaranteeing that they think about the inclinations and the necessities of the clients. All things considered, they are in every case all ears tuning in to the input of their purchasers and guaranteeing that they put into thought the reactions given to them. They additionally increase the value of their items through notices to make attention to whatever number people the world over as could be expected under the circumstances. They additionally lead VIP supports to their items to guarantee that whatever number people as could reasonably be expected partner with their items. Nike additionally directs the worth option of their items through progress and improvement of new item or arrangement. One model is the KD arrangement which has created from KD I to KD III arrangement. Every one of the arrangement has its own interesting structure and cost. Nike likewise increases the value of their items by contribution in network undertakings including occasions and furthermore pledge drives (Davis, 2010). This empowers people to see the social obligation part of the organization in this way making a decent notoriety for the

Getting the Most Important Essay Question Samples

Getting the Most Important Essay Question SamplesFor starters, you should ensure that you are not overly worried about a few Hiset essay question samples which are available in the Internet. This is because you can try some of these and for some of them it would be completely appropriate to proceed with your participation. However, be mindful that there are a lot of Essay question samples out there that would not be too fair and positive.The way you proceed with this should also depend on the fact that there are certain Hiset essay question samples that are more useful. It would be good if you could take a look at the top three most effective Hiset essay question samples.This first essay question sample can provide you with an idea of what the most beneficial method in doing research would be. The most basic idea in this aspect is to be able to find out information and even information on the internet. A lot of people have found information on the internet and they would just spend l ots of time on the internet just looking for information which they would already be able to find. You can also get hold of the top information which would really help you out.If you are interested in finding good resources that would help you out, then this will give you an idea of the top ten ways to gather information from the internet. The other method would be searching for someone that is working on the internet and writing down their information. This can also be used as a guide to other ways of obtaining information which are used by real people.This next essay question sample is known as the one on how to get a job if you do not have any kind of skills. This is a very tough subject that might be tougher than the others. Nonetheless, you could surely come up with solutions to this if you try out the right ones.This is also one of the best essay question samples that you could check out. In this case, the first step would be to look for any job in the internet which would sui t you and the amount you can afford to spend. Next you would want to take the extra mile and look for a job that would fit your capabilities.In summary, it would be really great if you could ensure that you would not be overly concerned about Hiset essay question samples. There are a lot of free ones online and you could try them and possibly check out some tips or methods on how to do research effectively. Once you found these techniques, you would definitely be able to grab that big scholarship.

A Brief Note On International Business And The...

STUDENT ID: S00801773 International Business the Multinational Enterprise INB 430 Movement of Daimler AG in India Word Count: 1460 Contents Introduction 3 Barriers in Globalization 3 Movement to foreign market 5 Global Strategic Partnership 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Moving to new country is never easy for any organization and lot of brainstorming and research needs to be done before offering the product in completely new arena. A fundamental shift has been occurring in the world economy. There has been a move away from a world in which national economies were relatively isolated from each other by barriers to†¦show more content†¦Every country has its own set of rules and regulations for doing business and with industry like Automobile there is more need of stringent set of rules. (Giddens, 2002)Government sets different set of regulations to stop foreign players to enter into the market. Few of them are higher tariffs which is basically imposing higher taxes on the companies or on the imported products which restricts trade and makes the imported goods more costly for customers. Moreover such tariffs pave way for domestic companies to grow themselves so as to compete with global players. (Bansal, 2001) Few other controls are †¢ Import Controls - Generally the foreign players come up with a very low priced products which can affect the sale of domestic players, and hence to protect them, the Government comes up with certain controls that does not allows the players in the market to price the ticket below a certain level. (Amin, 1995) †¢ Nontariff barriers –There are various kinds of other barriers as well which is not related to taxes, but are posed to restrict foreign players. Few of them are †¢ Quotas – Quota help the industry to establish domestic players and impose quota system whereby certain percentage of the sales or maybe certain segments within the country is only accessible to domestic players, and hence foreign players cannot

Database Marketing A Marketing Strategy - 2098 Words

Database marketing is a systematic approach to the gathering, consolidation, and processing of consumer data (both for customers and potential customers) that is maintained in a company s databases.( Rouse, Margaret) The reason will be subject to a number of database marketing enterprises of all firms, with obvious advantages of database marketing are inextricably linked. It can help companies pinpoint the target consumer group, can reduce marketing costs, improve marketing efficiency; allows consumers to become long-term, loyal customers; can provide accurate information for marketing and new product development; you can use the database and consumer who established close relations, corporate consumers can no longer turn to other†¦show more content†¦Due to the use of client database to accurately identify the target consumers of a product, companies can avoid the use of expensive mass media, you can use more economical promotions, thereby reducing costs, enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. Relevant statistics, there is no use of database technology to screen and send junk mail, the response rate is only 2-4%, while the use of database technology to screen clients, it s junk m ail response rate can be as high as 20-30%. Second, enhance customer trust, so that customers become loyal long-term users of this product to maintain communication and contact with database marketing and consumers often can maintain and enhance the emotional bond between businesses and consumers. Also, corporate information database according to the client is able to analyze what kind of people, what measures can be taken to retain customers. In addition, the use of storage consumption records to infer its future customer behavior with considerable accuracy, so that enterprises can better meet the needs of consumers, so that consumers become long-term, loyal customers. For example, an airline, the data memory 80 million people each year who want to take an average of the company s flight up to 13 times, 65% of its total turnover. Therefore, every time the company held a

Are Moral Values Objective free essay sample

The Subjectivity of Values, chapter 1 of John Leslie Mackies Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong, addresses the question: are moral values objective? Mackie opens with the simple statement that there are no objective values, a standpoint to which he gives the name moral scepticism. He goes on to clarify what he means by objective values, and distinguishing his moral scepticism from similar views. And finally Mackie presents the arguments in support of moral scepticism, in his error theory and the so called arguments from rationality and queerness. To Justify why it is important to ddress the question of whether moral values are objective, Mackie quotes three possible reactions to that very question: some may see it as an attack on morality and all that we value as humans, others that it is a question too obvious or trivial to Justify exploring, or actually that it is Just an empty question where no issue is raised at all. It is, according to Mackie, by the very fact these multiple reactions can be raised, reason in itself for the question to be explored further. Moral Scepticism What it is, and what it isnt Objective values do not exist, that is the thesis Mackie argues. And by values, not only is he referring to familiar moral values such as the moral good, rightness and wrongness, but also non-moral values such as aesthetics. He is careful to outline exactly what is meant by moral scepticism, where he is not concerned with first-order views on morality, first-order being views about what we ought to do morally, e. g. torture is bad. The 2nd order view which Mackie is concerned with and believes does not exist, refers to the nature of morality itself, whether it is part of the fabric of our universe, and how it relates to us. First and second order views are completely ndependent, and one can hold that second order views are false and still believe that first order views are true, and vice versa. This does not mean to say that we cannot make distinctions between situations in our day to day life, such as the moral difference between stealing a loaf of bread, and earning to the money and buying it. Mackie states that there are clear differences in morality between situations like these, and we can easily describe how the two situations differ factually. What he denies is that there are objective differences in value, not that there are objective actual differences between the two situations. Another potential area for confusion is the similarity between Mackies moral scepticism and another moral anti-realist viewpoint, moral subjectivism. Subjectivists support one of two views: 1. That the morally correct course of action for a person is to do what he/she thinks is best for them. 2. That moral Judgements are essentially expressions of approval or disapproval of behaviour, based on that particular individuals own feelings, e. g. stealing bread is wrong actually means l disapprove of people who steal bread. The so called boo/hurrah theory, or Emotivism. Mackie immediately dismisses the first subjectivist view, as it is a first-order view not relevant to second-order thesis he is trying to clarify. And the second subjectivist view, itself a second-order viewpoint, he believes is different from his moral scepticism in two ways: 1. Moral scepticism is a negative view, stating what there isnt and not what there is, unlike those in subjectivism. 2 Moral scepticism also is at its core an ontological argument, concerning what does not exist. Whereas subjectivism is concerned with linguistics, with the meanings of moral statements. Mackie recognises that those who consider hemselves subjectivists will usually share his view of scepticism. As if all moral views were subjective statements, then there would be no objective values, because if there were objective values, the subjectivist would be able to say something about them. Although the converse is not true, as starting by saying that there are no objective values has no impact on the meaning of moral statements. Error Theory Believing that there are objective values is what Mackie calls the claim to objectivity, and it is a belief that is deeply embedded within western culture and philosophy. He elieves that we everyday make moral Judgements that suggest towards an objective moral truth. He also gives examples of multiple influential philosophers (Aristotle, Kant, and Hume to name a few) who do the same in their philosophical works, in taking for granted that there are objective values. As Mackie believes that there are no objective truths, his view of moral scepticism is put forward as an error theory, which states that whilst we make moral claims about the world which reference values such as goodness or rightness, we are making that reference in error, as those objective truths do not exist. The Argument From Relativity At the heart of this argument is the observation that there is such wide difference in moral codes of conduct between different cultures and countries around the world, with much discussion about which is the correct, the right way to live. Mackie believes that if there are objective values, then humans would be able to settle these disagreements simply by referring to the true objective value to determine what is right and wrong. Seeing as these differences and disagreements continue to exist, there according to Mackie, objective values cannot exist. Mackie argues that ifferences in moral codes between people reflect how they live their lives. For example, it is not that I Jump red lights on my way to work because I believe that it is the right thing to do, rather I believe it is right to Jump red lights because I Jump red lights on my way to work. There is no overarching, objective, moral gold standard that we refer to when making choices in our day-to-day lives, rather we create our own moral code based on our decisions and actions previously. Mackie believes that it is much more likely that humans create their own moral codes based on how they live ather than the view that some cultures are somehow privvy to the correct moral standards held in objectives values, and other cultures are ignorant of them and therefore behave wrong. A possible objection that Mackie addresses suggests that a better explanation for the variety of different moral codes is that there exist some basic values held by all societies. When these are combined with the distinct characteristics of each culture, what are produced are the moral codes as we understand them. However, Mackie says that his argument from relativity still stands. He says that morality differs between cultures not because of some process of easoning from the underlying values all cultures share, but because how people immediately respond with their moral sense, or moral intuition, which may produce viewpoint X in one person and completely different viewpoint Y in another. The Argument From Queerness The argument from queerness consists of two parts: firstly the metaphysical argument, and then the epistemological argument which tollows on trom the tormer. The argument from queerness states that if objective values such as right and wrong existed, they would exist as forms or concepts of a queer sort, the like of which has never been perceived (consciously) before. Therefore to perceive these values humans would need to possess a special 6th sense or sorts to detect these moral values. As we have no evidence to suggest that we have that moral sense faculty, or that there exists these ethereal objective values, Mackie concludes that there can be no objective values. We are provided with some examples of what attributes an objective value might have, starting with Platos Forms. The Form of the Good when taken on as knowledge by an individual provides not only the correct course of action to take, but also the motivation for that individual to pursue that action. Knowing that helping an old lady to cross the street rather than leave her alone is the right choice, tells the individual that helping her is the correct option and makes that individual go help her. Also, Mackie mentions an example from Samuel Clarke, whereby a moral situation would have a demand for the morally right action ingrained within it, which then provides the motivation for the individual to pursue that action. Clarkes version of events merely states that the objective value demands from the person involved the correct action; it does not cause them to take up that action as in the example of Platos Forms. Conclusion In The Subjectivity of Values, Mackies Moral Scepticism is clarified extensively, so that we are sure not to confuse it with considering first-order moral views, or the similar anti-realistic view of Moral Subjectivism. The idea that humans make moral judgements which involve a claim to objectivity, a habit ingrained within our language and culture, is shown as mistaken by Mackies error theory of moral scepticism. By providing his arguments from relativity and (metaphysical and epistemological) queerness, he refutes the common sense view that there must be objective values.

Satire In Lilliput Essays - Gullivers Travels, Lilliput And Blefuscu

Satire in Lilliput Generations of schoolchildren raised on the first Book of "Gulliver's Travels" have loved it as a delightful visit to a fantasy kingdom full of creatures they can relate to_little creatures, like themselves. Few casual readers look deeply enough to recognize the satire just below the surface. But Jonathan Swift was one of the great satirists of his or any other age, and "Gulliver's Travels" is surely the apex of his art. "Gulliver's Travels" tells the story of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon who has a number of rather extraordinary adventures, comprising four sections or "Books." In Book I, his ship is blown off course and Gulliver is shipwrecked. He wakes up flat on his back on the shore, and discovers that he cannot move; he has been bound to the earth by thousands of tiny crisscrossing threads. He soon discovers that his captors are tiny men about six inches high, natives of the land of Lilliput. He is released from his prone position only to be confined in a ruined temple by ninety- one tiny but unbreakable chains. In spite of his predicament, Gulliver is at first impressed by the intelligence and organizational abilities of the Lilliputians. In this section, Swift introduces us to the essential conflict of Book I: the naive, ordinary, but compassionate "Everyman" at the mercy of an army of people with "small minds". Because they are technologically adept, Gulliver does not yet see how small-minded the Lilliputians are. In Chapter II, the Emperor of Lilliput arrives to take a look at the "giant", and Gulliver is equally impressed by the Emperor and his courtiers. They are handsome and richly dressed, and the Emperor attempts to speak to Gulliver civilly (although they are unable to understand one another). The Emperor decrees that every morning Gulliver is to be delivered "six beeves, forty sheep, and other victuals," along with as much bread and wine as he needs, his basic needs are to be attended to, and six scholars are to teach Gulliver the language of his new compatriots. Again, in this chapter, Gulliver is won over by the fact that the Lilliputians are well-dressed and articulate (despite the fact that they speak a language he cannot understand). He is still held captive by these people, both metaphorically, as in being entranced by them, and literally. It is in this chapter that Gulliver first asks to be freed and is refused. As Chapter III opens, Gulliver and his captors have become great friends. Much in the style of a travelogue, Gulliver describes for the reader some of the unusual forms of entertainment practiced by the Lilliputians. For instance, anyone desiring a high position at court is required to jump up and down on a tightrope stretched six inches above the floor (and remember, Lilliputians are only six inches high). Only those who are able to do it win the office, and anyone wishing to remain in office may be asked to do it again. If he fails, he's out the door, and a successful rope-dancer takes his place. Gulliver remarks that it would seem that noble birth or a fine educational background would seem to be better predictors of one's ability to govern than dancing on a rope, but the Lilliputians find no sense in that. A similar "trial" requires office-seekers to jump over or crawl under a stick, sort of a combination vault and limbo exercise. The Emperor, who holds the stick, raises or lowers the stick suddenly and without warning, so the performer is obliged to change tactics midstream. Winners receive a snippet of colored thread, which they wear on their clothing with great pride. Gulliver delights the Emperor by inventing some new forms of entertainment, also; one involves making the calvary perform military maneuvers on the drum-taut surface of his handkerchief, stretched above the ground, but when a rider is thrown, Gulliver stops the game. At the end of this chapter, Gulliver is freed after agreeing to nine silly conditions. Chapter III is where it really gets interesting. Look at the types of entertainment the Lilliputians engage in, and why they do so. Swift makes a point of telling us that the only people who perform the rope dance are people seeking to acquire or maintain a high position at court, so this is actually not a form of "entertainment" at all; it's a form of political selection. And, Swift implies, it makes as much sense as the way many political appointments in his day were made_which is to say it makes no sense at all. The exercise in which the Emperor raises and lowers the stick for

Idiom and Expression Resources for ESL Learners

Idiom and Expression Resources for ESL Learners Sooner or later all English students learn idioms because English uses so many idiomatic expressions that it is truly impossible to learn English without learning at least a few, but these figures of speech and colloquialisms may be hard for some English as Second Language learners to immediately grasp, especially because they often rely on cultural norms in English-speaking countries to provide meaning for their use. In any case, ESL learners should employ the use of context clues to attempt to understand what someone might mean when they say I just killed two birds with one stone by uncovering that video of both of them at the scene of the crime, which means achieving two objectives with one effort. For this reason, stories involving a number of idioms - oftentimes folk tales and those written in dialectic (spoken) style - are some of the best resources for teachers and students of ESL alike. Context Clues and Weird Expressions Oftentimes a simple English-to-Spanish translation of an idiom will not make immediate sense because of the multitude of words and connotations the English language has to describe our everyday world, meaning that some of the actual intentions of the words might get lost in translation. On the other hand, some things just dont make sense taken out of the cultural context - especially considering many popular American English idioms have dubious and untraceable origins, meaning oftentimes English speakers say them without knowing why or from where they came into existence. Take for instance the idiom I feel under the weather, which translates in Spanish to Sentir un poco en el tiempo. While the words may make sense on their own in Spanish, being under weather would probably entail getting wet in Spain, but it implies feeling sick in America. If, though, the following sentence was something like I have a fever and havent been able to get out of bed all day, the reader would understand being under the weather means to not be feeling well. For more specific in-context examples, check out ​Johns Keys to Success, An Unpleasant Colleague, and My Successful Friend - which are all full of beautifully expressed idioms in easy-to-understand contexts. Idioms and Expressions with Specific Words and Verbs There are certain nouns and verbs that are used in a number of idioms and expressions; these idioms are said to collocate with a specific word such as put in put a fork in it or all in all in a days work. These general nouns are used repeatedly in English, and in the idioms are used to represent a commonality shared between multiple subjects. Like, around, come, put, get, work, all, and as [blank] as are all commonly used words associated with idioms, though the full list is fairly extensive. Similarly, action verbs are also often used in idiomatic expressions wherein the verb carries with it a certain universality to the action - such as walking, running or existing. The most common verb thats used in American idioms are forms of the verb to be.   Check out these two quizzes (Common Idiomatic Phrases Quiz 1  and  Common Idiomatic Phrases Quiz 2) to see if youve mastered these common idioms yet.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Kind Of Company †Free Samples

There are two types of business forms that can be setup; each form has their own share of advantages and disadvantages. While going forward with this decision of which type of company to choose, the company   client should focus on few thing, which kind of business that it wants to operate, which kind of company will be suitable for that kind of business, the possible advantages and disadvantages of kind of company ,and whether it has the requester funds that might be needed to start such a company. After the client has figured out the required information, it can carry forward with the formation of the company. Below we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each form of company and what will be suitable for the client in the end. A company is the kind of legal entity that is formed as per the regulations under the Corporations Act 2001. A company has its own legal existence and also the identity of its shareholders must be different form its shareholders and directors.à ‚   A company has its own set of rules that must be followed and also if the company does not have its constitution, it goes by the "replaceable rules" of the Corporations Act 2001. A proprietary company is privately held company that can either be limited or unlimited. Such types of companies are present in Australia and South Africa.   A proprietary company is the type of company that is defined under section 45A(1) of the Corporations Act 2001. Such type of companies is required to have not more than 50 members.   These companies are also not allowed to raise funds from the public that is the main issue that is there with private companies, that they cannot raise money from the public.   It cannot engage itself into any activities that can force them to raise money from the public by issuing a prospectus. A prospectus is a document that is issue by the company stating the terms of offer for shares, to raise money from the public, for their business operations.   There are two types of proprietary companies, namely large proprietary company and small proprietary company.   Both are differentiated on the basis of revenue earned and the level of more o perating activities, and the total amount of fund raised by the company.   A proprietary company is classified as small company if it meets the following requirement-   In case of large proprietary companies, they are required to get their books of account audited and also to appoint an auditor for the same. The small companies are required to get their account audited and prepare their financial statements in the same manner, if they are required to do so as per the requirement of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), or in case of a foreign company , shareholders that are holding more than 5 present of the voting power requires to do so. In case of a proprietary company, the liability of the shareholder is restricted to the number of shares raised held by them, which means that they are liable just for that much amount of shares and not for anything beyond that. This is the situation in case of a limited company. When it comes to an unlimited proprietary company, in which there is a share capital, but the only difference is that the liability of the shareholders is not limited. (https://www.afigec.com/, 2017) Another form of company is the public company. This company have no limit on the number of shareholders and can raise money from the public, by issuing prospectus to the public for the issue of shares. The share capital can be divided into shares of particular denomination and then it can be given to the public, to raise money from the same. Most of the existent public companies were previously private companies that have chosen to go public. All the multinational companies are public companies. The main advantages of this kind of companies are- they have an access to the equity fund market ,a s well as the debt market to raise the requisite amount of fund, for their companies.   They can also additional shares in the public to raise money after the initial offering. That is the kind of many advantages that a public companies has , the area of operation is also large and the total amount of money involved in such kind of companies is also large, so if the client is having so much f unds, they can go ahead with such kind of companies.   The main disadvantages with this kind of business are that there is a lot of control issues involved with the same. And also there are a lot of regulations that a company has to abide by the various government regulations. A public company must have to meet the various government regulations requirements  Ã‚   and the various reporting requirements that the company must abide by. There is also lack of control, because there are so many shareholders, so it is not possible to establish authority in such type of company. (Asic.gov.au, 2017) There are various regulations and other government disclosures that the company needs to comply with, that are the main requirements that the company must need to follow that. The client needs to take decision based on the kind of business operations that the kind of company that they need.   Both of the same have their own share of their advantages and disadvantages and on the basis of the same, the client needs to take the decision the kind of company it wants to establish. (www.nfplawyers.com.au, 2017) Asic.gov.au. (2017). How to start a company | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/how-to-start-a-company/ [Accessed 27 May 2017]. Incorporator.com.au. (2017). Incorporator.com.au - Proprietary company compared with Public Company (Australia). [online] Available at: https://www.incorporator.com.au/l3/21_01_Proprietary_company_compared_with_Public_Company_Australia.asp [Accessed 27 May 2017]. www.nfplawyers.com.au. (2017). Checklist-to-establish-a-Public-Company-Limited-by-Guarantee. [online] Available at: https://www.nfplawyers.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Checklist-to-establish-a-Public-Company-Limited-by-Guarantee.pdf [Accessed 27 May 2017]. Registeracompany.com.au. (2017). Company basics - Register a Company Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.registeracompany.com.au/faq/company-basics.cfm [Accessed 27 May 2017]. https://www.afigec.com/. (2017). company-formation-in-Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.afigec.com/data/en/pdf/142/company-formation-in-australia.pdf [Accessed 27 May 2017].

Effect of Pesticide on Lake Erie Research Proposal

Effect of Pesticide on Lake Erie - Research Proposal Example Pesticides are sprayed aerially on crops and water to protect them from pests that chew up the crops and contaminate the water. However, the aerial spraying also causes chemicals used in the pesticides to spread in the atmosphere and water bodies thus contaminating the environment (G. Chesters and J.G. Konrad). Spraying of pesticides temperature-specific and there are certain conditions when they must be done. Ideally, pesticides are sprayed when there are little or no wind and when a temperature inversion exists between 3 and 10 meters above the ground. The lack of wind movement prevents the pesticides from spreading around. However, such conditions rarely exist and pesticides are spread around inside and beyond the region pesticides are sprayed (G. Chesters and J.G. Konrad). Lake Erie is affected by "five most heavily applied agricultural pesticides. They are metolachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, acetochlor and alachlor." The lake water has heavy concentration of these chemicals.

Profit Maximization Theories Applicable to Firm - Micro economics Term Paper

Profit Maximization Theories Applicable to Firm - Micro economics - Term Paper Example In accounting a negative difference implies a loss, whereas a positive one implies a profit. Mathematically, calculating profit shall be: Total revenue is the total value expected and received by a firm from the sales of its goods and services. Total revenue on the other consists of all factors of production and other operational considerations. In economics, there are other types of costs that come into play, for instance, opportunity cost, and not specifically those costs that involve explicit monetary payments. The accounting profit implies the monetary values reported in the books, whereas the economic profit includes other factors such as the non quantifiable opportunity costs, implicit and explicit resources employed. Firms face certain constrains in the process of maximizing their profits. The main constraints face by profit maximizing firms include: technology, prices of factors of production and the demand for a firms product. According to Hall and Marc (201), a firm’s total revenue is the total inflow of receipts from selling output. Theoretically firms can be grouped from two extremes; perfectly competitive firm and monopoly, each facing different demand curves. The concept of demand is closely related to the understanding of profit maximization. A perfectly competitive firm has a horizontal demand curve implying high elasticity. A monopolist demand curve on the other hand faces the whole market demand curve, which is highly inelastic. Understanding the concept of profit maximization, graphical and mathematical analysis becomes imperative. If an assumption of perfect market is made for a profit maximization firm. Where p is the unit price for each product from the organization and q is the total number of quantities sold by the firm. Conventionally, small q are used instead of the capitalized version, Q as it is used to imply the whole market. From figure 1, an increase in

Hamlets Struggle with Time out of Joint Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare

Hamlet's Struggle with "time out of joint"  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   The time is out of joint./O cursà ©d spite, that I was ever born to set it right.  Ã‚   This essay will examine Hamlet’s dramatic struggle to â€Å"set time right†. The issue will be divieded in two parts, one the upset to Denmark and Elsinore, the other the struggle to repair it; each shall be dealt with in turn. From the opening few lines of Hamlet we know that things are not 'right' in Denmark. The opening Act of the play is an unfolding litany of portents and signs until in Scene 5 the Ghost tells Hamlet of the murder by Claudius. We have already heard, in his first soliloquy, of Hamlet's struggles; in this case his depression and suicidal thoughts. This is typical of Hamlet's struggle in the first part of the play, the struggle is an internal one. It is only later that the struggle becomes an external, physical one. We will also see that Hamlet's struggle is more than just one of revenge, it also encompasses life over death and love over hate before returning to revenge. The first line of Hamlet, Barnardo's peremptory "Who's there?" when he approaches Francisco's guard post, rather than the more usual challenge of the guard, tells us that the soldiers are nervous in their duties. When Horatio and Marcellus arrive they also give us signs of upset with their talk of the war with Fortinbras of Norway. Marcellus enquires :- Why this same strict and most observant watch So nightly toils the subject of the land, And why such daily cast of brazen cannon, And foreign mart for implements of war, Why such impress of shipwrights, whose sore task Does not divide the Sunday from the week: What might be toward that this sweaty haste Doth make the night joint-labourer with the day,... ...ue to his 1948 film version of the play, "This is the story of a man who cannot make up his mind." In the final analysis that may well be Hamlet's struggle. Notes 1 Germaine Greer, Shakespeare (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986), p. 58 2 Laurence Olivier(Director), Hamlet (Rank Film Distributors, London, 1948) Bibliography Bradley, A.C., Shakespearean Tragedy. London:Macmillan, 1957. French, Marilyn, Shakespeare's Division Of Experience. New York:Summit Books, 1981 Greer, Germaine, Shakespeare. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1986 Kott, Jan, Shakespeare Our Contemporary. London:Methuen, 1695 Olivier, Laurence (Director), Hamlet. London:Rank Film Distributors, 1948 Rowse, Alfred Leslie, The Annotated Shakespeare. London:Orbis Publishing, 1978 Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. London:Macmillan Education, 1973         

Contingencies on the Moral Ethics of Qu’ran

Moral ethics or moral philosophy involves the systemization, defense and recommendation of the concepts of right and wrong behavior. Currently, we define morality within the religious tomes and its dictates. The normative concept of what is right and wrong is religiously determined; that is to say that the moral dictums we follow or pattern is dependent on what the religious tomes, like the Bible [for the Christians] and Qu’ran [for the Moslem] impose on its’ followers. Take for instance, the suras of Mohammad in Al-Isra’ [ The Night Journey of the Children of Israel] , a Moslem disciple of Allah, defines the virtues and duties of a faithful Moslem. Hereto we investigate the moral dictums of Sura 17 of Qu’ran and moral implications on the contemporary society as well as several other important issues like the Sura politicization and current social relevance. Mohammad’s Sura 17Al Isra’ titled The Night Journey of the Children of Israel is equivocal to the Abraham’s Ten Commandments in the Christians Holy Bible. As human beings, we are differentiated from the rest of the animal kingdom by our ability to ‘reason’ and to play by the set of rules and obligations as members of the holistic society. The imposition of ‘rules’, ‘regulations’, and ‘duties’ are complex but the foundation is basically the same—they appear obligatory irrespective of the consequences that may follow. One major tenet of duty theories is duty/obligation to God/Allah and arguably, any religion for that matter, would necessitate or allude to the practice of inward and outward worship to God. For Moslems, such practice is neatly outlined in the ‘commandments’ imposed by Allah through the writings of His disciple Mohammad in Sura 17 of the Qu’ran. The precepts of Moslem moral duty are basically the same with that of the Christian, ‘Do not kill’, ‘Honoring parents’, ‘Do not lie’, ‘Avoid adultery’, ‘Do not covet, and ‘observing Sabbath’. Because such moral duties were defined thousands of years ago, they would naturally lose the characteristic elasticity especially if correlated to the current demands of the changing society. The contention is that with the rise of technology and the current trend of globalization, moral duty is now questioned with the concept of Darwinian adaptation. Looking at it this way, Moslem moral duty would need to rectify the age old wisdom to answer to the demands of the societal evolution. Would Allah’s commandments be suffice to feed the moral need of the people? Apparently, Allah puts emphasis on prima facie duties described in Qu’ran Sura 17. In actuality such duties lay conflict on our daily life. Poverty is a pox of the society and one of the major problems correlated to it is overpopulation. To combat this, the [most] government prescribed or legalized ‘abortion’ to control increasing population. Naturally, abortion is a huge no-no to Moslem duty and this was explicitly defined in Sura 17: YUSUFALI: Kill not your children for fear of want: We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin. PICKTHAL: Slay not your children, fearing a fall to poverty, We shall provide for them and for you. Lo! the slaying of them is great sin. SHAKIR: And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We give them sustenance and yourselves (too); surely to kill them is a great wrong (v 32). The notion is laughable considering that raising children is a responsibility which entails financial sustenance and not just from abstract provision from Allah. While it true that abortion is an unorthodox method of population control from the religious view, it cannot be contested that it is a ‘legal’ right in most Western and Westernized countries alike. Additionally, the verse is also in contra with the women empowerment on their right to choose to deliver life of their own accord. Herein there is a question on individual moral conviction; in a sense, abortion is not religiously right by the premise of Allah’s Sura which is in contrast with the current trends on upholding women empowerment and the stabilizing force of the government-erected constitution. Perhaps the most debated issue on Allah’s commands is the verse concerning murder and the justice system underscored by it: .YUSUFALI: Nor take life – which Allah has made sacred – except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law). PICKTHAL: And slay not the life which Allah hath forbidden save with right. Whoso is slain wrongfully, We have given power unto his heir, but let him not commit excess in slaying. Lo! he will be helped. SHAKIR: And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause, and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided (V. 3). While it is true that murder is forbidden in Islam, there also constitute a just compensation for the victim and the allusion of Allah as the Supreme Being, Him being a cause to die for. Compensatory damages proceed by an almost unprecedented manner; Sharia law of qisas (retaliation) dictates an almost undemocratic treatment of the murder victims with biased favors for the Islams and only half of blood money allowed for the non-Islams. Such system of compensation is far-fetch from the now-favored legislative system which does not pass down court decisions on compensatory damages depending on the type of religion. The notion of Supremist religion of the Islamic community is instigated by the fact that Qu’ran and any Islamic texts (if not abrogated) states the omnipotence and the due reverence that must be bestowed to Him [Allah], and if otherwise not followed, will incur the curses of Allah and all mankind. YUSUFALI: And fight them on until there is no more Tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah; but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practise oppression. PICKTHAL: And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers. SHAKIR: And fight with them until there is no persecution, and religion should be only for Allah, but if they desist, then there should be no hostility except against the oppressor (v. 93). While mercy killing is condemned, jihad is ‘just’ because it is for the cause of Allah and it is an acceptable means to obliterate the unbelievers. Over the course of history, and more so now, jihad is politicized by Islamic communities; Islam government and in some small discrete communities who practiced Islamic faith claimed that jihad is just if for the cause of retaliation and Allah. YUSUFALI: The prohibited month for th e prohibited month,- and so for all things prohibited,- there is the law of equality. If then any one transgresses the prohibition against you, Transgress ye likewise against him. But fear Allah, and know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves. PICKTHAL: The forbidden month for the forbidden month, and forbidden things in retaliation. And one who attacketh you, attack him in like manner as he attacked you. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is with those who ward off (evil). SHAKIR: The Sacred month for the sacred month and all sacred things are (under the law of) retaliation; whoever then acts aggressively against you, inflict injury on him according to the injury he has inflicted on you and be careful (of your duty) to Allah and know that Allah is with those who guard (against evil)(v. 194). Jihad then is a defensive mechanism for the Moslem community. Looking at it this way, genocide is permissible given that the victims are Christians or Islam non-believers. What is most daunting is that such principle/concept destroys diplomatic international relations between Moslems and Christians. Such moral principle lay conflict to the recently instigated international law banning warfare after the World War II. While it is true that religious laws lay foundation to our basic moral principles and ethics, it must be remembered that our greater obligation is to produce good for the greater mankind. An inspection on some Qu’ran laws display the importance of reconsidering or rectifying the foundations of Moslem moral ethics based on several social and universal moral considerations.

Climate Change Future Bay Area Weather Will Be More Like...

Max Sawyer P.5 scrAPES 11-15 Topic #11: Climate Change Title: Interactive Map of San Francisco Shows Potential Health Impacts of Climate Change AND Climate change: Future Bay Area weather will be more like San Diego’s Citation: Kaye, L. (2016, May 04). Interactive Map Shows Potential Health Impacts of Climate Change. Retrieved October 16, 2016, from http://www.triplepundit.com/2016/05/interactive-map-san-francisco-shows-potential-health-impacts-climate-change/ Krieger, L. M. (2015, August 07). Climate change: Future Bay Area weather will be more like San Diego’s. Retrieved October 16, 2016, from http://www.mercurynews.com/2015/08/07/climate-change-future-bay-area-weather-will-be-more-like-san-diegos/ Summary: In both the main article and the supporting article, the main point is that by the end of the century the climate here in the Bay Area will probably be a lot like the climate of San Diego. And while some might like this for their day to day schedule, this poses enormous environmental impacts. The Bay Area is a unique and rather fragile ecosystem, if the climate here changes to the climate of someplace like San Diego, then our environment will not be able to survive. Such a huge change in such a rapid rate of time could lead to an environmental disaster, and this could drastically affect the health of the people living in the Bay Area. And these effects will most likely not be for the best. Rising sea levels are always seen as a big deal, and they get lots ofShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Off Shore Wave Generator Systems And Integrating Into Disaster Management Systems Essay2057 Words   |  9 PagesPO Bangalore 56077, Ka, India Paul T. Wegener Waveberg Development www.waveberg.com 4016 Lark Street San Diego, Ca 92013, USA Abstract The SAARC region with over a billion populations is contiguous to the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. 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